Cylinder for printing and other purposes.



No. 886,998. PATENTED MAY 5, 1908. W. LOVE. CYLINDER FOR PRINTING AND OTHER PURPOSES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 22 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED MAY 5, 1908.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 22.1907.

5 SHEBTSSHEET 2.

Maw-L... OM

No. 886,998. PATENTED MAY 5, 1908. W. LOVE. CYLINDER FOR PRINTING AND OTHER PURPOSES.

APPLICATION IILIBD JULY 22. 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

No. 886,998. PATENTED MAY 5, 1908.

W. LOVE.

CYLINDER FOR PRINTING AND OTHER PURPOSES.

APPLICATION FILED JULYZZ. 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

hen/Z07" PATENTED MAY 5, 1908.

W. LOVE. CYLINDER FOR PRINTING AND OTHER PURPOSES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 22. 1907.

5 SHEETSSHEET 5.

Ill

WILLIAM LOVE, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

CYLINDER FOR PRINTING AND o'rma PURPOSES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented m 5, mos.

Application filed July 22, 1907. Serial No. 385,021.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM LOVE, a subject of the King of Great'Britain and Ireland, residing at London, England, have invented lmprovements in ("ylinders for Printing and other Purposes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention of improvements in cylinders for printing, embossing, calendering and other like operations involving rolling pressure, has for its object to produce a cylinder of this kind, supported bv end journals, which shall give a practicallyeven ressure at all points of its line of contact wit 1 an opposing cylinder or surface, or to resist a pressure so applied, or so that two such linders working together shall give ractical y e ual )l'tSSlllOh' or resistances at al points of t ieir length notwithstaiuling variations in the amount of pressure applied at their journals, or conversely at their contacting surfaces, and to secure these results notwithstanding that the said cylinder may be of great length proportionately to its diameter. Y

It also has for its object to make provision for securing unequal resistances or ressures in such a cylinder as may be desired For these purposes a cylinder according to the present invention is constructed as followsz l'pon a central axle or shaft, which constitutes a beam and the ends of which are adapted to form the running journals of the cylinder, are mounted supports or fulera, conveniently in the form of rings or collars, carrying an outer beam which may be in the form of a metal tube or hollow cylinder, enveloping the supports, or of joists of I section arranged longitudinally around the supports. Such a com )ound beam carries secondary supports which carry a further beam or beams, such construction being carried on to any extent required, the last beam being tubular and constituting the face or working cylinder. The supports in each series are so situated as to be at those points in the beam, the axle in the first mstance, which, under an equally distributed load, reccde an equal amount from a straight line )arallel to the axis of the journals. The axle itself being a beam of a preferably cylindrical section supported at both ends only, will have two such points only available,

while other beams in the. combination will have more available points of equal flection, and mav, according to the extent to which the building up is carried on, have a great number of such point-s of e( ual flection.

In the accompanyin i ustrative drawings, Figure 1 shows in longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 in cross section on the line A A of Fig. 1, one method of building up a cylinder having four bearing mints according to the present invention. ig.1 is a sectional detail View showing a modified construction. Fig. 3 shows in longitudinal section and Fig. 4 in cross section on the line B B of Fi 3 a slightly modified construction of a cyTinder having four bearing points. Figs. 3' and 3 are detail views of parts of Fig. 3. Figs. 5 and 6 show respectively in cross section and end elevation, one of the driving plates used in the cylinder shown in Figs. I to 4 inclusive, and Fig. 7 shows in side elevation a portion of one end of the outer or working cylinder. Figs. 7 and 7 are similar views to Figs. 1 and2 respectively, showing a slightl modified construction. Fig. '7 is a iagram showing, to an exaggerated scale, the deflection curves which occur in a four oint su ported cylinder under a uniform y distri uted load. Fig. 8 shows in sectional elevation and Fig. 9 in end view, a method of building u) a cylinder with eight bearing surfaces. l ignltl shows in sectional elevation a further modified construction of cylinder, and Figs. 11 and 12 are sectional elevations showing detached views of portions thereof to a larger scale.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, on a shaft 0 the ends a of which project beyond the ends of the cylinder to be supported and form the journals therefor, are secured twocollars. b having convex outer surfaces, the said collars being located on the shaft at pointsequi distant from its center and at a distance a art e ual to about one-half the length of t ie wor ting face of the cylinder to be supported. The said collars form the beating surfaces for a tube'd which fits tightly over them and is secured in a. )osition midway between the ends of the s iaft. The effective length of the tube is about three quarters of the length of the working cylinder. Secured on the tube 11 are four collars e the outer surfaces of which are also convex. These collars are arranged at those points v where the tube d would receive an equal amount of deflection through the collars by a load equally distributed along the surface of the working cylinder, the said collars forming the bearing surfaces for the outer tube g which constitutes the working c linder the ends of which overlap the outsi e collars e by about onei hth of its length.

In the modified arrangement shown in Figs. 3 to 7 inclusive, the two annular collars or sup orts b which su port the tube (1 are formed in one With the shaft a for which purpose the latter is reduced in diameter, as shown at a. In like manner, the interior of the surrounding tube (1 is shown bored out to leave two internally projecting rings 1) adapted to fit ti htly over and correspond in positions with 't e collars b when the parts are in their correct position as shown. The outer surface of the tube (1 is reduced as shown at d to leave four bearing surfaces e arranged equidistant from each other and at equal distances apart from the respective bearing surfaces b when the tube d is in position thereon. The inner surface of the working c linder g is bored out to leave four interna projecting annular supports a adapted to it tig tly over and correspond in position with the collars e.

. In each case, the workin cylinder 9 is driven from the shaft a by en driving plates h whichare secured by keys i (Fig. 3) to the shaft and the outer peripheries of which are formed with teeth or projections k (Fig. 6) that engage with corres onding recesses m (Fig. 7) in the ends of t 0 working cylinder -g. Each end of the said cylinder and the corresponding driving plates k. may be inclosed within an end cap such as n (Fig. 3).

The working cylinder 9 may be heated internally by steam. For this purpose each end portion of the shaft a may be formed with longitudinal and radial passages o, 0 that communicate throu h a short tube q, screwed or otherwise fixer? in the said shaft a and tube d, with the annular s aces 1' formed by andbetween the tube them or d, the cylinder g and the interposed annular supports e e, the central annular space 1' being in communication with the outer ones through holes 8 formed through the two inner annular supports a.

A method of fixing each tube q in the shaft 11 and of making a sliding joint between it and the tube-d, consists in screwing the tube into the shaft a (see Figs. 3', 3 and in forming a recess in the tube d for the reception ofpackin q and a gland g which is formed with ots g for enabling it to be screwed tightly onto the packing.

The clearance spaces between the res ective members a, d and g are made sufficient to allow of the maximum load being supported without the deflection imparted theretom of the recesses in the driving lates h is made rather more than equal to t e sum of the required minimum clearance spaces between the aforesaid members.

In the modified construction shown in Figs. 7 a and 7 ,'the collars b are surrounded by longitudinall arranged joists d of I section in lieu of t e intermediate tube (1, and the bearings e for the outer tube 9 are formed on the latter and bear upon the joists d.

A cylinder 9 sup orted in the manner above described has our bearing surfaces or su ports e e, and, under an evenly distri uted load, (see Fig. 7 assumes a more or less waved line according to the load, the high oints formed by the bearings being in onep ane and the low oints formed between and on each side of the said bearings being in another plane, both planes being parallel to each other.

The curvature imparted to the axle a extends in asingle curve from one end to the other thereof, and the collars b move equally therewith in proportion to the load.

It is obvious that the above described mode of construction can be extended to support a cylinder by a greater number of bearings, according to the length of the cyl-.

inder, or to the load which the cylinder has to carry or to resist, the principle bein the same in all cases, the exact spacing o the bearings de ending on finding in their supportin sha tor tube those points of deflection w 'ch are equal to one another under a load that is .equally distributed along the enveloping tube or cylinder and is transmitted throu h the said hearings to the shaft or tube by which they are supported.

F 8' and 9 show an arrangement in Whi there are three tubes or cylinders d, g and g concentric with the shaft (1, the additional outer cylinder 9 being su ported by eight bearings. The compoun cylinder shown in this arran ement embodies a slightly modified form 0 construction inasmuch as the tubes d, g, g are supported re-,

tances on each side of the four bearings e on the tube 9, the latter bearings'being in like manner arranged equidistant from each other and at equal distances on each side of the two bearings b on the tube (1. As the shaft 0 is the rimar beam and has to bear the whole loa or 0 er the whole resistance, it should be made strong enough to enable it to do so.

tit)

tate its rotation.

To admit of the collars or bearings being readily arranged at the required positions, they may in some cases be made endwise adjustable on the shaft or tube carrying them, as shown for exam )le in the detail view Fig. 1, wherein the col ar b surrounds two rings a and a that are of wedge shape in axial section and whereof '2) is rigidly fixed to the shaft a, the collar 1) and ring u, which are split axially, being endwise adjustable by means of screws to and 1* respectively that engage them and work through a flange v on the ring 1. Also the collars may be split and provided with means such as ad ustabIe cones, wedges or other like devices, to secure a tight connection between each tube or cylinder and the supporting axle or tube therefor. Figs. 10, 11 and 12 show an arrangement of this kind. In this case, each of the two end portions of the shaft a in proximity to the two bearings 12 to be supported thereon is screw threaded at 1 and fitted with a nut 2 which may have recesses 3 therein to facili- Between each nut 2 and a shoulder 4 on the shaft a is a split ring 5 that is coned internally to fit a correspondingly cone-shaped portion 6 of the shaft and has a cylindrical outer surface so that it is of wedge shape in axial section. Surrounding each of these rings 5 are two concentrically arranged split bearing rings 7 and 7 the engaging surfaces of which are respectively concave and convex. Between the rings 7, 7 and the shoulder 4 on the shaft, is a distance ring 4 that is recessed internally to accommodate the ring 5. i

The intermediate tube (1 is placed in its correct position over the bearing rings 7, 7 while the same are contracted after which the nuts 2 are rotated to force the wedge-rings 5 between the bearing rings 77 and the cone portions 6 of the shaft (1 whereby the said rings are expanded and a tight connection produced between the tube (1 and the shaft a.

The bearings for the working cylinder y comprise four split rings 8 each of which has a concave inner surface and is sprung over a correspondingly shaped outer collar 8 on the adjacent longitudinally split end of one or other of three sleeves 9, 9, 9* which are made a sliding fit on the tube d. The intermediate sleeve 9 has a collar 8 at each end thereof while each of the two outer sleeves 9 and 9 has a collar 8* on its outer end only. The inner surface of the central sleeve 9*, within each collar 8 thereon, is of cone-shape for the reception of a wedge-like surface formed by the tapered end portion 10 of the adjacent outer sleeves 9 or 9, and the outer end portion of each sleeve 9, 9 is also coned internally within the collar 8 thereon for the reception of the coned inner end of a tightening up sleeve 11 that is arranged to be forced endwise by suitable means such as a nut 12 screwed onto the corresponding end of the tube (1 and which nut has recesses 12-; therein to facilitate its being readily rotated. The working cylinder 9 is placed in its proper position over the bearing rings h while the latter are in their contracted condition, after which the mats 1 are tightened up simultaneously so as to orce the coned ends of the sleeves 9, 9 into the coned split ends of the sleeve 9* and the coned ends of the rings 1 1 into the coned split ends of the sleeves S), a" and thereby force the split bearing rings 8 into firm engagement with the inner snrface of the cylinder g, thereby firmly connecting the said cylinder to the tube (1.

Means, such as the well known method of keying, may also be provided, irrespective of hereinbefore described frictit'inally operating devices, for causing the working cylinder 1 or g to revolve with the shafta, and also for preventing any endwise movement of the said cylinder in relation to such shaft, without interfering with the free deflection of the latter and the other supporting beams. The axle journals a should be supported in bearings a mounted so as to keep in alinemcnt with the shaft not-withstanding bending of the latter.

By the construction described any want of homogeneity in the materials used in the con- -struction of the compound cylinder can be compensated for, ant the parallelism of the working surface of the working cylinder y or 9 under the action of a load, can be carried to and maintained at any desired degree of accuracy notwithstanding variations in the amount of the load, so that an even pressure, or conversely an even resistance, can be produced or offered at any desired number of points in the line of contact or working part of the face of the cylinder, although the cylinder may be of great length in proportion to its diameter.

The above mode of constructioi-i can be employed in connection with a cylinder the load upon which is unequally distributed along the working surface thereof, by adjusting the collars or-bearings along their supporting shaft and tube or shaft and tubes. or equivalents, to those points which receive an equal deflection under such load,

What 1 claim is I 1. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes requiring equally distributed rolling pressure, comprising a central beam or axle adapted to be supported at both ends, a plurality of outer beams arranged around the said central beam, the outermost beam having a cylindrical surface, and a plurality of bearings arranged between said beams and between the respective ends therhof so as to form fnlcra for each enveloping beam and leave the latter free to deflect on each side of said bearings.

Til

ltlt) lit) 2. A cylinder suitable forvprinting or other purposes requirmg rollmg pressure, comprising a central beam, a plurality of tubular beams arranged concentrically to each other and to the central beam, and groups of bearings between the several beams, the bearings in each group being arranged at those parts of their respective carrying beams which, by reason of the relative position of its bearings, are free to deflect under the action of a load transmitted from the working surface of the cylinder.

3. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes requiring rolling pressure, comprismg a centra beam adapted to be supported at both ends, a second beam surrounding said central beam and supported thereby at points arranged between its ends and equidistant from its center but not at its center, and a tubular beam surrounding said second beam and supported thereon at a plurality of points of its length'that are arranged out of line with those oints at which the second beam is supported and so as to leave the ends of said tubular beam unsupported.

4. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes re uiring rolling pressure, compris- 1n a centra beam adapted to be supported at%)oth ends, a second beam surrounding said central beam'and supported thereby at two points only arranged equidistant from its ends and a third beam surrounding the second beam and supported-thereon at points intermediate and outside of the supports for the second beam.

5. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes requiring rolling pressure, comprismg a centra beam adapted to be supported at both ends, a lurality of beams surrounding said centra beam and carried thereby and the outer of which is of cylindrical shape, and bearings between said beams, the bearings between the outermost and next inner beam being arranged at those parts of the latter which are not directly supported by bearmgs.

6., A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes requiring rolling'pressure, comprismg a central member adapted to be supported at both ends, an intermediate member surrounding the central member and supported thereon at two points arranged at equal distances from the center thereof, and a tube surrounding the intermediate member and supported thereby at four points arranged at equal distances from and at opposite sides of the bearing points for the intermediate member.

7. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes re uiring rolling pressure, comprismg a centra beam adapted to be supported at both e'nds, a plurality of beams arranged around the central beam, and groups of bearm s between the several beams, the number of bearings in the successive groups increasing in a direction from the central beam outwardly and the bearings in each group being arranged out of line with those in an adjacent group or groups.

8.. A cy inder suitable for printing or other purposes re uiring rolling ressure,comprising a centra shaft, a plura ity of concentrically arranged tubes around said shaft, and groups of bearings between said shaft and tubes, the number of bearings in the successive groups increasing in a direction from the shaft outward, and the bearings in each group being arranged at those parts of the shaft or tube carrying them which receive equal portions of the whole of the load on the c linder {and1 move equally under the action of such 9. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes re uiring rolling pressure, comprismg a centra beam adapted to be supported at both ends, a plurality of beams arranged around the central beam, and groups of bearings between the several beams, the number of bearings in the successive groups being in geometrical progression.

10. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes re uiring-rolling pressure, comprismg a centra beam adapted to be sup orted at both ends, a plurality of concentric eams arranged around the central beam, and groups of bearings between the successive earns, the grou of bearings between the central beam an the next outer beam comprising two bearings arranged symmetrically with reference to the center of the central beam and thebearings in each outer group being double in number to the next adjacent inner group and arranged symmetrically to such inner earings, but always so as to leave the ends of each supported concentric beam projecting beyond its outermost bearings.

11. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes re uiring rolling pressure, comprisin a centra beam adapted to be supported at 0th ends, a cylinder surrounding said beam, means for supporting said 0 linder from said beam at points interme iate the length of said cylinder and at those points in the length of said beam having equal moments of resistance, and driving means between said central beam and the ends of said cylinder.

12. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes re uiring rolling pressure, comprising a centra beam adapted to be supported at both ends, a cylinder surrounding said beam, means for supporting said cylinder from said beam at two oints arranged between the ends of said cy inder and equidistant from the center of said cylinder, and driving lates fixed to said central beam and arrang to engage the ends of said cylinder, and drive the same without preventing movement thereof towards said central beam.

13. A cylinder suitable for printing or comprisin other purposes re uiring rolling pressure, comprisin acentra beam adapted to be supported at 0th ends, a plurality of beams arranged concentrically aroun said central beam, the outer of whichis of cylindrical shape, and groups of bearings arranged between said beams, the bearings in each group being arranged at those points in the supporting beam or beams having equal moments of resistance.

14. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes requiring rolling ressure, comprising concentrically arrange beams the outer of which is of cylindrical shape, bearings arranged at intervals between said beams at those points of the supporting beams havin equal bendin moments under the action of a load distr'buted along said cylinder, and means for adjusting said bearings to insure a tight connection between them and their supporting and supported members.

15. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes re uiring rolling pressure,

a centra shaft adapted to be supported at both ends, an outer cylinder, an intermediate tubular member, bearings between said parts, and means for adjusting the positions of said bearings and insuring a tight connection between them and their supporting and supported members.

16. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes requiring rolling ressure, comprising ,concentrically arran e -beams the outer of which is of cylindrica shape, interposed split annular bearings, split wedge rings adapted to enter said annular bearings, and means for forcing such wedge rings between said bearings and their supporting members.

17. In a cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes requiring rolling pressure, a centra beam adapted to be sup orted at both ends, an outer tubular mem er, interposed split fulcrum and wedge rings, and

means for causing said wedge rings to contract u on their supporting members and the said fu crum rings to expand against their supported members.

18. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes requiring rollin ressure, comprising a centra supporting s a t adapted to be supported at both en s and havm at opposite sides of its center screw-threade portions fitted with nuts, coned ortions fitted with split wedge rings,.and s oulders between which and said wedge rings are distance rings, a cylinder surrounding said shaft, and split bearing rings supported on said wedge rings and supporting said cylinder at two oints, said bearing rings being arraqged to lie forced a ainst said cfylinder by sai wedge rings, by a justment 0 said nuts.

19. A cylinder suitable for printing or other purposes re uiring rollingl ressure, comprising a centra supportin s a t adapted to be supported at both en s and having at each side of its center screw threaded portions fitted with nuts, coned portions fitted with split wedge rings, and abutments between which and said wedge rings are distance rings, an outer cylinder, and pairs of inner and outer split bearing rings, supported on said wedge rings and supporting said cylinder at two points equidistant from its center, each pair of bearing rings havin convex and concave engagin surfaces and eing adapted to be expanded y axial movement of said wed e rings.

20. A cy inder suitable for printing or other purposes re uiring rolling lpressure, comprising a centra supporting s a t havin at opposite sides of its center screw threade portlons fitted with nuts, coned portions tted with split wedge rings and abutments between which and said wedge rings are distance rings, a tubular member surrounding said parts, pairs of inner and outer split bearing rings having convex and concave engaging surfaces and arranged to sup ort said tubular member at two points equldistant from its center, an outer or working cylinder, and

,four bearings arranged between said tubular member and outer cylinder and so as to be equidistant from each other and at equal distances on each side of the bearin rings between said shaft and tubular mem er.

21. A cylinder comprisin a central shaft adapted to be su ported at 0th ends, an intermediate tubu ar member, bearings arranged to sup ort said tubular member from said shaft at two points equidistant from the center thereof, an outer Working cylinder, split bearin rings arranged between said tubular mem er and outer working cylinder and carried by sleeves that are endwise ad- 'ustable on said intermediate member and ave internally coned split ends, Wedge rings arranged to move endwise on said intermediate member and-to enter the coned ends of said sleeves, and means for forcin the wedge.

rings into the coned ends of sai sleeves so as to'expand the same and the bearing rings thereon.

22. A cylinder comprisin a central shaft adapted to be su ported at 0th ends, an intermediate cylin er having externally screw threaded end portions, bearings arranged to support said cylinder from said shaft at two polnts equidistant from the center thereof, an intermediate and two outer sleeves mounted to slide endwise on said cylinder and hav- -ing internally coned s lit ends, split bearin I rings mounted on t e split ends of sai sleeves, cone shaped rings mounted to slide endwise on said cylinder and having coned ends extending into the coned ends of said sleeves, an outer working cylinder surroundm seems ing said intermediate cylinder and bearings, Signed at 42 Claremo'nt Square Londqn and nuts sfcrewfd onto the screul tflireadeg E. 0. this twenty eighth day of June 1907.

ortions 0 sai interme iate cy in er an dapted to force the coned rings into the WILLIAM LOVE coned ends of the sleeves and expand the Witnesses:

same and thereby force the bearing rings AUBER CRAWLE PEARSON,

into position against the outer cylinder. GEORGE COCKERELL. 

